2). Sometimes when something is difficult to understand, it becomes a bit clearer when we try to explain it to someone else. Which type of reasoning was most difficult to understand? Please do some additional internet research on that specific type of reasoning and discuss what you learned.
I found causal reasoning quiet hard to comprehend. The reason was that the definition did not provide clarity on my part. I had to do additional research from the Google search engine in order to finally undertstand that causal reasoning was actually reasoning from cause and effect. Through most of my searches of the term "causal reasoning" it Google kept asking me if I was searching for "Casual reasoning." At first I thought I misspelled it so I click on the "Casual Reasoning" but that did not bring up any links that explain what was "casual reasoning" more like it did not exist. So I double checked, and search the correct terms. The cause and effect of an argument is "causal reasoning."
For example: From the beginning of summer til the end, I worked a total of 40 hours every week. So by the end of summer I had enough money saved up to pay for my classes, books, and parking permit.
So in that example, cause I worked 40 hours every week of summer vacation. The effect of that was I was able to pay for classes, books, and a parking permit for SJSU.
Thanks for reading! :D
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Discussion Questions: Week Ten
1). Read through the different types of reasoning posted to the instructors blog. Give an example of each type of reasoning outlined on the instructors blog. The example should be something the folks in class can relate to, so try to use real world examples.
1. Reasoning by Analogy - we have to reason or provide evidence with the use of comparison of the two things while presenting their similarities and differences.
=> For example: Is an apple more like a pear or a watermelon?
Apple vs Pear vs Watermelon
---------------------------------------------------------------
Fruit Yes Yes Yes
------------------------------------------------------------
Seeds Yes Yes Yes
-----------------------------------------------------------
Shape Round Oval/Round Oval
----------------------------------------------------------
Skin edible Yes Yes No
-----------------------------------------------------------
Color Red, Green Yellow, Green Green
-----------------------------------------------------------
As you can see from my table above ^ that I have made a comparison between the three fruits and attempted to answer the question of which fruit comes closes to an apple. Well as you could see the pear comes the closest to an apple since pear has 5 points relating to the apple and the watermelon has 3 points relating to the apple. In conclusion, the apple is more like a pear than the watermelon.
2. Sign Reasoning - when a sign or certain image appears and a person attempts to reason regarding the sign.
=> For example:
For instance, this picture of a rainbow I retrieved from National Geographic. When people see a rainbow its logic to reason that before that rainbow was there there was rain. The reason is from personal experience we all know after a rainstorm a rainbow will appear in the sky.
3. Causal Reasoning - Reasoning with cause and effect
=> For example: Since I did not attend class for 2 weeks straight. I was unaware that a paper was due the day I decided to attend class so in the end I got an F for that assignment. The cause was that I did not attend class for two weeks straight the effect of me not attending class is getting an F on my paper because I was not aware that it was due the day I decided to come to class.
4. Reasoning by Criteria - defining reasons why a certain judgement is placed upon or evaluating
=> For example: For my speech class, my professor will always give us a list of criteria we have to accomplish if we want an A in a certain speech. For instance one of the criteria will be speak loud and clear to the audience, make eye contact, have constructed a genuine knowledge of the topic being discussed, speak with passion when delivering the message and so forth. That will be a criteria of the things I must do if I want an A on that speech.
5. Reasoning by Example - giving examples in an argument
=> For example: You should drink more water. I heard from doctors that if you want to look more youthful and reliant water is the key.
6. Inductive - premises provides reasons to make the conclusion true; from specific to generalization
=> For example: Sarah goes to work at the tutoring center for 2 years. Tomorrow Sarah will work at the tutoring center.
This is an inductive argument because since Sarah has been working at the tutoring center for two years already there's no way she will not go to work tomorrow at the tutoring center unless the tutoring center was closed down. Also it starts off as specific that she has been working there for two years then it goes to being general that tomorrow she will work there.
7. Deductive - premises provides reasons to make the conclusion true; from general to specific
=> For example: Biology the study of life. The main topics in a basic biology class are evolution, homeostasis, energy, continuity, development, and ecology.
This example of deductive reasoning because its more general in the beginning regarding biology which is a broad topic. Then its more specific of biology is discussed in the argument.
1. Reasoning by Analogy - we have to reason or provide evidence with the use of comparison of the two things while presenting their similarities and differences.
=> For example: Is an apple more like a pear or a watermelon?
Apple vs Pear vs Watermelon
---------------------------------------------------------------
Fruit Yes Yes Yes
------------------------------------------------------------
Seeds Yes Yes Yes
-----------------------------------------------------------
Shape Round Oval/Round Oval
----------------------------------------------------------
Skin edible Yes Yes No
-----------------------------------------------------------
Color Red, Green Yellow, Green Green
-----------------------------------------------------------
As you can see from my table above ^ that I have made a comparison between the three fruits and attempted to answer the question of which fruit comes closes to an apple. Well as you could see the pear comes the closest to an apple since pear has 5 points relating to the apple and the watermelon has 3 points relating to the apple. In conclusion, the apple is more like a pear than the watermelon.
2. Sign Reasoning - when a sign or certain image appears and a person attempts to reason regarding the sign.
=> For example:
For instance, this picture of a rainbow I retrieved from National Geographic. When people see a rainbow its logic to reason that before that rainbow was there there was rain. The reason is from personal experience we all know after a rainstorm a rainbow will appear in the sky.
3. Causal Reasoning - Reasoning with cause and effect
=> For example: Since I did not attend class for 2 weeks straight. I was unaware that a paper was due the day I decided to attend class so in the end I got an F for that assignment. The cause was that I did not attend class for two weeks straight the effect of me not attending class is getting an F on my paper because I was not aware that it was due the day I decided to come to class.
4. Reasoning by Criteria - defining reasons why a certain judgement is placed upon or evaluating
=> For example: For my speech class, my professor will always give us a list of criteria we have to accomplish if we want an A in a certain speech. For instance one of the criteria will be speak loud and clear to the audience, make eye contact, have constructed a genuine knowledge of the topic being discussed, speak with passion when delivering the message and so forth. That will be a criteria of the things I must do if I want an A on that speech.
5. Reasoning by Example - giving examples in an argument
=> For example: You should drink more water. I heard from doctors that if you want to look more youthful and reliant water is the key.
6. Inductive - premises provides reasons to make the conclusion true; from specific to generalization
=> For example: Sarah goes to work at the tutoring center for 2 years. Tomorrow Sarah will work at the tutoring center.
This is an inductive argument because since Sarah has been working at the tutoring center for two years already there's no way she will not go to work tomorrow at the tutoring center unless the tutoring center was closed down. Also it starts off as specific that she has been working there for two years then it goes to being general that tomorrow she will work there.
7. Deductive - premises provides reasons to make the conclusion true; from general to specific
=> For example: Biology the study of life. The main topics in a basic biology class are evolution, homeostasis, energy, continuity, development, and ecology.
Saturday, November 5, 2011
Discussion Questions: Week Nine
3). Pick one concept from the assigned reading this week, not already discussed, that you found useful or interesting and discuss it.
I will be discussing appeal to pity. Appeal to pity is define when a person uses an audience's feelings of guilt or when an audience feels sorry for the argument that being presented. For example, I work at a tutoring center. I tutor kids from 4 years old to probably 7 years old on their reading and comprehension. I remember this little girl she was probably 6 years old. Whenever she comes to my table to do her classwork she always take twenty minutes to finish the 8 pages. She on this particular day her classwork consist of reading a fairy tale. The center I work at whenever there is a story classwork assigned to the kids they want the kids to copy one sentence per page from the story. On that day she asked me if she could just read it instead of writing on every page. I automatically said no. Then she adds but my mom is sick so I have to do it fast so we could go home. I felt sorry for her so I allowed her to read the story only. Then the next day she comes she says the same story again. I thought about it and then I left her go. After the weekends was only and I went to the tutoring center to work. The little girl came again this time she says the same excuse again hoping that I would let her leave early. This time I went to talk to her mom and realized she has been lying that her was sick so she could go home. She unknowingly was using appeal to pity. Her my mom was sick and I felt sorry that she had to be here. So I allowed her daughter to leave early so her mom could go home and rest. But little did I know the little girl was just lazy and did not want to fully complete her work.
LAST POST! :] thanks for reading! :]
I will be discussing appeal to pity. Appeal to pity is define when a person uses an audience's feelings of guilt or when an audience feels sorry for the argument that being presented. For example, I work at a tutoring center. I tutor kids from 4 years old to probably 7 years old on their reading and comprehension. I remember this little girl she was probably 6 years old. Whenever she comes to my table to do her classwork she always take twenty minutes to finish the 8 pages. She on this particular day her classwork consist of reading a fairy tale. The center I work at whenever there is a story classwork assigned to the kids they want the kids to copy one sentence per page from the story. On that day she asked me if she could just read it instead of writing on every page. I automatically said no. Then she adds but my mom is sick so I have to do it fast so we could go home. I felt sorry for her so I allowed her to read the story only. Then the next day she comes she says the same story again. I thought about it and then I left her go. After the weekends was only and I went to the tutoring center to work. The little girl came again this time she says the same excuse again hoping that I would let her leave early. This time I went to talk to her mom and realized she has been lying that her was sick so she could go home. She unknowingly was using appeal to pity. Her my mom was sick and I felt sorry that she had to be here. So I allowed her daughter to leave early so her mom could go home and rest. But little did I know the little girl was just lazy and did not want to fully complete her work.
LAST POST! :] thanks for reading! :]
Friday, November 4, 2011
Discussion Questions: Week Nine
2). Pertaining to page 195, complete objective 1, 2, 3, 6 OR 7.
Apple Polishing, is define as an appeal to flattery or when a use of excessive compliment to win over the audience. For my example I would like to present an advertisement from Loreal Cosmetics:
[Link of the image : http://www.celebrityendorsementads.com/celebrity-endorsements/celebrities/eva-longoria/images/eva-longoria-loreal-cosmo-11-2010.jpg]
The advertisement I chose to present is from Loreal's mascara collection. The mascara advertisement presents the example of apple polish. The reason is that the advertisement indirectly compliments the audience. For instance, it states to the audience that once the audience uses the mascara her eyelashes can too be as long and beautiful as Eva Longoria who is featured in this advertisement. Additionally, it tells the audience if you ever wonder how Eva's eyelashes are so flawless and beautiful there is your answer. The celebrity endorsement draws vast attention to the advertisement because many people know who that person is. So the celebrity endorses an item it tends to get more attention. I believe this advertisement presents a good argument. There is definitely apple polishing in the ad it self. Additionally, a well known celebrity endorse the item which again attracts more audiences towards the advertisement.
Alright, thank you for reading. Good night! :]
Apple Polishing, is define as an appeal to flattery or when a use of excessive compliment to win over the audience. For my example I would like to present an advertisement from Loreal Cosmetics:
[Link of the image : http://www.celebrityendorsementads.com/celebrity-endorsements/celebrities/eva-longoria/images/eva-longoria-loreal-cosmo-11-2010.jpg]
The advertisement I chose to present is from Loreal's mascara collection. The mascara advertisement presents the example of apple polish. The reason is that the advertisement indirectly compliments the audience. For instance, it states to the audience that once the audience uses the mascara her eyelashes can too be as long and beautiful as Eva Longoria who is featured in this advertisement. Additionally, it tells the audience if you ever wonder how Eva's eyelashes are so flawless and beautiful there is your answer. The celebrity endorsement draws vast attention to the advertisement because many people know who that person is. So the celebrity endorses an item it tends to get more attention. I believe this advertisement presents a good argument. There is definitely apple polishing in the ad it self. Additionally, a well known celebrity endorse the item which again attracts more audiences towards the advertisement.
Alright, thank you for reading. Good night! :]
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
Discussion Questions: Week Nine
Discuss the idea of Appeal to Emotion. There are different aspects of Appeal to Emotion, which type of Appeal to Emotion strikes you, and why?
The idea of appeal to emotion is when an argument is presented to the audience and it will try or attempt to persuade or manipulate the way the audiences feelings towards that argument. There are varies ways the argument can be presented so the audience will feel a certain way. I found the appeal of fear very striking. The reason is that every human being have fears. Most of us have the same fears also. For instance, I believe a majority of us fear the unknown, death, and possibly as a college student fear of failing a class. I know I am whenever I choose a certain class to take especially since soon I will have to take upper division classes which will be more difficult than the classes I have now. I fear I might not pass it, and thus not graduate. Anyways, another example is when advertisers try to the manipulate people to feel fear. For instance, I saw a commercial on television that was regarding antidepressant pills. The commercial showed a little girl talking about her mom and how she used to always play with her and how they both always laughed and had fun. After the little girl says now you just sit there staring at the television. I want my mommy back. That is an appeal to fear it showed the audience that if they didn't take their type of antidepressant the person you love can become like the mommy in the commercial.
Alright, I hope that helps! :] Thank you for reading everyone! Good night! :]
The idea of appeal to emotion is when an argument is presented to the audience and it will try or attempt to persuade or manipulate the way the audiences feelings towards that argument. There are varies ways the argument can be presented so the audience will feel a certain way. I found the appeal of fear very striking. The reason is that every human being have fears. Most of us have the same fears also. For instance, I believe a majority of us fear the unknown, death, and possibly as a college student fear of failing a class. I know I am whenever I choose a certain class to take especially since soon I will have to take upper division classes which will be more difficult than the classes I have now. I fear I might not pass it, and thus not graduate. Anyways, another example is when advertisers try to the manipulate people to feel fear. For instance, I saw a commercial on television that was regarding antidepressant pills. The commercial showed a little girl talking about her mom and how she used to always play with her and how they both always laughed and had fun. After the little girl says now you just sit there staring at the television. I want my mommy back. That is an appeal to fear it showed the audience that if they didn't take their type of antidepressant the person you love can become like the mommy in the commercial.
Alright, I hope that helps! :] Thank you for reading everyone! Good night! :]
Friday, October 21, 2011
Discussion Questions: Week Eight
2). Discuss the usefulness of the first or second major course assignment. Use specific examples.
The first assignment's, which was Critical Thinking in News and Politics, the usefulness of the first assignment to me was how as a group we had to apply most of the concepts we had learned before hand from the book. Reading the Epstein book was helpful because it gave explicit definitions and numerous examples. Yet, when you had to read an article and apply it to the article then write a paper on it. It becomes relatively hard to accomplish. At first, I was confused and odd by all the things as a group we were expected to locate from a simple political article. I thought it was nearly impossible. However, I reviewed the book and then analyzed the article and realize there were indeed connections. This project even though at first seem impossible as I reviewed the Epstein book it began to become an easier task. Another usefulness of the first assignment was I got an opportunity to work with my group mates and met new people along the way. Overall, that was what I found useful from the first major course assignment.
Thank you everyone! :] Have a great night!
The first assignment's, which was Critical Thinking in News and Politics, the usefulness of the first assignment to me was how as a group we had to apply most of the concepts we had learned before hand from the book. Reading the Epstein book was helpful because it gave explicit definitions and numerous examples. Yet, when you had to read an article and apply it to the article then write a paper on it. It becomes relatively hard to accomplish. At first, I was confused and odd by all the things as a group we were expected to locate from a simple political article. I thought it was nearly impossible. However, I reviewed the book and then analyzed the article and realize there were indeed connections. This project even though at first seem impossible as I reviewed the Epstein book it began to become an easier task. Another usefulness of the first assignment was I got an opportunity to work with my group mates and met new people along the way. Overall, that was what I found useful from the first major course assignment.
Thank you everyone! :] Have a great night!
Wednesday, October 19, 2011
Discussion Questions: Week Eight
1). Discuss one concept in Chapter 8 that you found useful. Please explain the concept and give a personal example or personal story.
For this discussion question I will be discussing "General Claims and Their Contradictories." This concept displays words such as "All", "Some", "No", and "Only" and then it states its contradictories. Additionally, I have learned that using "All", "Some", and "Only" gives a valid argument but the argument is weak. For example, I remember I was having a conversation with my coworker at work and we were talking about cuisines from different countries. My coworker and I stumbled upon a discussion about Chinese food which led to Panda Express. I told him that "All" Asians know that Panda Express is not real Chinese food. The claim I was making was that "All Asians" know yet is it a true claim. The "All" I used made the claim weak even though the claim is valid its a weak claim. I could have used another term like "Most" because it doesn't have a guarantee attached to it that every Asian person suppose to know that Panda Express is not real Chinese food instead it states most Asian knows.
Alright, thank you for reading everyone! :D
For this discussion question I will be discussing "General Claims and Their Contradictories." This concept displays words such as "All", "Some", "No", and "Only" and then it states its contradictories. Additionally, I have learned that using "All", "Some", and "Only" gives a valid argument but the argument is weak. For example, I remember I was having a conversation with my coworker at work and we were talking about cuisines from different countries. My coworker and I stumbled upon a discussion about Chinese food which led to Panda Express. I told him that "All" Asians know that Panda Express is not real Chinese food. The claim I was making was that "All Asians" know yet is it a true claim. The "All" I used made the claim weak even though the claim is valid its a weak claim. I could have used another term like "Most" because it doesn't have a guarantee attached to it that every Asian person suppose to know that Panda Express is not real Chinese food instead it states most Asian knows.
Alright, thank you for reading everyone! :D
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