1. Reasoning by Analogy - we have to reason or provide evidence with the use of comparison of the two things while presenting their similarities and differences.
=> For example: Is an apple more like a pear or a watermelon?
Apple vs Pear vs Watermelon
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Fruit Yes Yes Yes
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Seeds Yes Yes Yes
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Shape Round Oval/Round Oval
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Skin edible Yes Yes No
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Color Red, Green Yellow, Green Green
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As you can see from my table above ^ that I have made a comparison between the three fruits and attempted to answer the question of which fruit comes closes to an apple. Well as you could see the pear comes the closest to an apple since pear has 5 points relating to the apple and the watermelon has 3 points relating to the apple. In conclusion, the apple is more like a pear than the watermelon.
2. Sign Reasoning - when a sign or certain image appears and a person attempts to reason regarding the sign.
=> For example:
For instance, this picture of a rainbow I retrieved from National Geographic. When people see a rainbow its logic to reason that before that rainbow was there there was rain. The reason is from personal experience we all know after a rainstorm a rainbow will appear in the sky.
3. Causal Reasoning - Reasoning with cause and effect
=> For example: Since I did not attend class for 2 weeks straight. I was unaware that a paper was due the day I decided to attend class so in the end I got an F for that assignment. The cause was that I did not attend class for two weeks straight the effect of me not attending class is getting an F on my paper because I was not aware that it was due the day I decided to come to class.
4. Reasoning by Criteria - defining reasons why a certain judgement is placed upon or evaluating
=> For example: For my speech class, my professor will always give us a list of criteria we have to accomplish if we want an A in a certain speech. For instance one of the criteria will be speak loud and clear to the audience, make eye contact, have constructed a genuine knowledge of the topic being discussed, speak with passion when delivering the message and so forth. That will be a criteria of the things I must do if I want an A on that speech.
5. Reasoning by Example - giving examples in an argument
=> For example: You should drink more water. I heard from doctors that if you want to look more youthful and reliant water is the key.
6. Inductive - premises provides reasons to make the conclusion true; from specific to generalization
=> For example: Sarah goes to work at the tutoring center for 2 years. Tomorrow Sarah will work at the tutoring center.
This is an inductive argument because since Sarah has been working at the tutoring center for two years already there's no way she will not go to work tomorrow at the tutoring center unless the tutoring center was closed down. Also it starts off as specific that she has been working there for two years then it goes to being general that tomorrow she will work there.
7. Deductive - premises provides reasons to make the conclusion true; from general to specific
=> For example: Biology the study of life. The main topics in a basic biology class are evolution, homeostasis, energy, continuity, development, and ecology.
Hi Ella! :D
ReplyDeleteI loved how your examples for each of the reasonings were very visual, especially with sign reasoning and reason by analogy. Reason by analogy was the most difficult for me to understand. Reading your example gave me a different perspective on the subject. You really explained everything thoroughly. I really liked how you explained each example too. I didn't think of doing that, since I thought maybe people would assume that by reading the definition that I gave, they would already be able to easily identify that my example I provided was that specific reasoning. Keep up the good work! You're doing an awesome job! :)
Hi Ella!!
ReplyDeleteI just wanted to say that I loved how you explained reasoning by analogy because I would have never thought to list a comparison like how you did if I hadn't had seen your example. I thought that by doing that, I was able to understand the concept so much more, and it led me to create a similar example of reasoning by analogy; however, I used the concept of candy instead. I also like your reasoning by sign, especially because when people post pictures on their blogs, it always makes me want to read them, so good attention getter there!! Overall, great job :)